There are no intellectual property rights in a business name or a company name. Because of this, you may need to register a trade mark to protect a business or company name.
This article explores the concept of intellectual property as it relates to business names. Our intellectual property lawyer explains whether business names can be protected and how they can be protected.
Key Takeaways
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Protecting a business or company name primarily involves registering it as a trademark, which safeguards brand identity and prevents consumer confusion
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Unregistered business names can still be protected under the common law doctrine of passing off, which requires proof of goodwill, misrepresentation, and potential damage
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The trademark registration process involves several steps, including search and clearance, application filing, examination, publication, and potential opposition
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In a globalised market, businesses should consider international trademark registration strategies, such as the Madrid Protocol, to protect their names across multiple countries.
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Incorporating a company or registering a business name does not equate to intellectual property protection; businesses must actively pursue trademark rights to secure their brand
Intellectual Property and Business Names
Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind. Intellectual property includes:
- inventions
- literary and artistic works
- designs
- symbols
- names, and
- images
The primary types of intellectual property are patents, copyright, trademarks, and trade secrets. Each type provides different kinds of protection, relevant to different types of intellectual creations.
How Can a Business Name be Protected?
Trademarks: The Key to Business Name Protection
Registering a business or company name on its own does not automatically entail intellectual property rights. However, it can generally be protected as a trademark.
A business or company name often functions as a brand or identity in the market. Under intellectual property law, the primary method of protecting such names is through trademark registration. Registering a business name as a trademark can provide it with legal protection.
A registered trade mark prevents others from using a name that could be confusingly similar, and therefore protects brand identity and consumer perception.
A business name or a company name may include a word or phrase which is a trade mark and is therefore protected by:
- If the trade mark is registered, the Trade Marks Act 1995,the Australian Consumer Law and Common Law, and
- If the trade mark is unregistered, the Australian Consumer Law and Common Law (but not the Trade Marks Act 1995)
Trademark Registration Process
Registration of a business name as a trademark typically involves the following steps:
- Search and Clearance: Conduct a search to ensure the name is not already in use or registered by another entity
- Filing Application: Submit an application to the relevant trademark office. In Australia, trade marks can be registered through IP Australia
- Examination: The trademark office will examine the application for compliance with statutory requirements and for existing similar trademarks
- Publication and Opposition: The proposed mark is published in an official gazette, allowing others the opportunity to oppose its registration
- Registration: If there are no oppositions or if oppositions are overcome, the trademark is registered. This grants the owner exclusive rights to use the name in connection with the specified goods or services.
Passing Off and Unregistered Trademarks
Apart from registered trademarks, business names may also be protected under the common law tort of “passing off.” This legal doctrine is designed to prohibit individuals or companies from misleadingly presenting their goods or services as those of another.
Passing off requires demonstrating that:
- the claimant’s goods or services have acquired goodwill or reputation
- there is a misrepresentation by the defendant leading to confusion among consumers
- the claimant has suffered or is likely to suffer damage due to the confusion